Letter to a Christian Nation
Essay
Part I
The three arguments I find most compelling in Harris address to those who follow Abrahamic rooted religions, specifically, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, are as follows.
a. First, the idea that the Old Testament, New Testament, and Koran claim to be unrivaled sources of goodness, compassion and love. All three testaments claim to be divinely inspired. The idea of these sacred texts being the perfect guide to morality is simply outrageous.
b. These texts also contradict themselves hypocritically, acknowledging and endorsing violence in different scriptures and verses, completely contradictory to the supposed values and morals of each particular belief system.
c. Self-righteous egoism masqueraded as dogma gets in the way of proactive action in the resolution of human suffering and pain.
Take the following Biblical verses representing God’s counsel to parents:
Whenever children get out of line, we should beat them with a rod. (Proverbs 13:24,20-30, and 23:13-14). If they are shameless enough to talk back to us, we should kill them. (Leviticus 20:9, Deuteronomy 21:18-21, Mark 7:9-13, and Matthew 15:4-7.) We must also stone people to death for heresy, adultery, homosexuality, working on the Sabbath, worshiping graven images, practicing sorcery, and a wide variety of other imagined crimes. (Harris, XXX)
As stated in Article 5 of the United Nations Human Rights Declaration, “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” How can this and other similar concepts within sacred texts containing such statements be revered as the backbone and morality of our contemporary society? If one were to act upon every single piece of advice in the above quoted verses , any person would be charged with multiple felonies at the least. It is outrageous and barbaric to actually continue this collective delusion and the whole, uncontested belief in Abramaic-based theologies and their respective evolutions without critically revising these Holy Scriptures. I don’t understand how anyone in their right mind who has truly studied these verses can attest to their ultimate truth, let alone the ultimate hypocrisy. As stated in Article 3 of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.”
In addition, more human rights violations are found in the verses of these sacred texts. Take, for example, the following:
When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. If she does not please her master who has designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed, he shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, since he has dealt faithlessly with her. If he designates her for his son, he shall deal with her as with a daughter. If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, or her marital rights. And if he does not do these three things for her, she shall go out for nothing without payment for money (Exodus 21:7-11).
This verse clearly violates Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.” How can an exemplary book of ultimate goodness and guide to values in one’s life actually endorse such a horrendous verse, in which slavery is completely condoned, as well as all of the obvious human rights violations that are expressed? Lastly, as stated in Ephesians 6:5, look at how this debauchery is condoned and intertwined with the obvious manipulation of dogma, as stated: “Slaves, be obedient to those who are your earthly masters, with fear and trembling, with singleness of heart, as to Christ.” And furthermore, there is the following verse:
Let all who are under the yoke of slavery regard their masters as worthy of all honor, so that the word of God and teaching not be defamed. Those who have believing masters must not be disrespectful on the grounds that they are brethren; rather, they must serve all the better since those who benefit by their service are believers and beloved. Teach and urge these duties. If anyone teaches otherwise and does not agree with the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and the teaching which accords with godliness, he is puffed up with conceit, he knows nothing; he has a morbid craving for controversy and for disputes about words, which produce envy, dissension, slander, base suspicions…(1 Timothy 6:1-4)
In violation of Article 18:
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
In this previous verse, we see how even the basic right to intelligently question the ideology is completely oppressed by the totalitarian Christian regime of that period. The inference of said scripture shows the complete lack of regard for the individual’s freedom to think and to speak freely in his or her relationship with the Divine and their faith. It obviously, again, displays how a religious structure uses the inference of divine authority and intolerance for those basic human rights that we hold most dear today. All of these statements are in complete contradiction to the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In addition, as stated in Article 19 of the same Declaration:
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
How can modern Christianity in the United States ignore such a contradiction in moral values? It is as if the archaic belief system of unquestionable “faith” in supposed “divine
inspiration” can outlandishly supplant common moral logic.
Let us now take the following verse on the Day of Judgment according to Islam, as stated in 16:27-32 of the “Holy” Qur’an:
This Day indeed are the Unbelievers covered with shame and misery (namely) those whose lives the angels take in a state of wrong-doing to their own souls. Then would they offer submission (with the pretense), “We did no evil (knowingly),” (The angels will reply), “Nay, but verily Allah knoweth all that ye did; So enter the gates of hell, to dwell therein.
In these verses from the holy Qur’an concerning the Day of Judgment we see how there is an obvious manipulation utilizing concepts of shame and misery to instill fear of all those who would not surrender to the ultimate word of this infallible sacred book’s verses. How can it be possible to believe that people who have lived a righteous life would not enter “Heaven” because they have not accepted a belief system other than their own? This is self-righteous egoism masqueraded as dogma to manipulate and instill fear into “infidels” that would not accept Islamic beliefs fully and wholly.
Part II
a. The sacredness of human life: the Judaic perspective
The sacredness of human life according to the Torah comes from the concept that man is not only on this earth as a being, but is essentially of divine essence. As stated in Living Religions,
All people are potentially equal; they are said to be common descendants of the first man and woman. But they are also potentially perfectible and in raising themselves they uplift the world. God limited the divine power by giving humans free will, involving them in the responsibility for the world’s condition, and their own. If we are suffering, according to the Talmud, we should examine our own deeds. (Fisher, 263)
As stated by Hillel’s interpretation of Torah, man’s divinity comes from the gift he received by the creator to have free will, the ability to choose right from wrong and humanity’s divine nature directly as representatives of the true God on earth.
Additionally, in the practice of the sacredness of human life, the following statement bears true to the implementation of man’s practice and sharing of this gift: “What is hateful to thee, do not unto thy fellow man: this is the whole Law; the rest is mere commentary” (Hillel, quoted in Schecter). In this we see the concept of brotherly love and the sacredness of human life as a whole.
By this example embracing the transformative concept of brotherly love by acting to others as one would also wish be treated. By this nonjudgmental and compassionate way of being, the conversion from egoisms and the acceptance of all others in with compassion, we could mirror our own perfect illuminated relationship with the divine, and in the same way, accept that the divine that lives within all our brothers and sisters as an ultimate mirror for our own realized higher consciousness manifest.
b. Kenoticism is a path of realization within Orthodox Christianity whereby selflessness and complete surrender to the divine within both the monastic and or Deacons faithful clergy begin to embody traits attributed to divine incarnation. The pious devotee basically emulates aspects of Christ’s divine attributes in human form. Throughout Orthodox Christianity in Russia various prominent monks and deacons have achieved levels of liberation through acts of selflessness as well as acceptance of unwarranted suffering and service to others. This concept within Russian Orthodox theology is defined by Jahn as follows:
Theological basis of the teaching of voluntary acceptance of undeserved suffering as was by Jesus Christ in His crucifixion. Acts of kenosis were a frequent theme in Old Russian literature, and from the earliest period. The Chronicle, for example, contains an account of the murders of Boris and Gleb, two young princes who were slain on the orders of their ambitious brother Sviatopolk. Though they were warned of their brother’s plan, Boris and Gleb made no resistance to their enemies, accepting their deaths without complaint.
Another example is Fisher’s description of the life of St. Theodosius found on p.312 of Living Religions. He ate a Spartan diet, wore peasant clothes, habitually did backbreaking manual labor, and despite being honored both within the religious community and by the people, refused the honors and trappings of any privilege. A story is related of how a prince offered St. Theodosius a carriage to ride home in. Mistaken for a beggar by the driver, he not only willingly relieved the driver of his duties, he paid him for the privilege of doing so.
The example of Kenoticism via selfless acts towards others could dramatically affect and benefit all of humanity. These acts could create a shift of paradigm and spread by way of a transcendental inspirational consciousness to the whole of humanity.
This new consciousness would usher us into a new era worldwide compassion love and peace as one people the human race.
c. The Oneness of God and Humanity Islam in Sufi Theology. Within Islam the unity and oneness of humanity is the central prime theme for humanities perfection in divine communion. The passage known as the Surah Aal-e-Imran or “The Family of Imran” 3:18, “La ilaha ill-Allah,” is translated as, “Allah bears witness that there is no god but He, and (so do) the angels and those possessed of knowledge, maintaining His creation with justice; there is no god but He, the Mighty, the Wise.”
The primary theme in Islamic theology is that of one god bearing ninety-nine names with ninety-nine individual aspects, and one primary name, Allah, that encompasses the essence of all other names.
As explained Sara Sviri,
The Primordial Covenant is understood also as an intimation of the ultimate proximity between human beings and God at this Timeless Time. It alludes to the primordial ‘union’ between human beings and the divine. It is this state of nearness (qurb) and intimacy (‘uns) that the mystic longs for during his lifetime. The journey in this respect is nothing but a ‘return to the beginning’, or more precisely: ‘return to the “Source of Being” (in Arabic – al-ma’ad ila al-mabda’). The ultimate goal, the arrival (wusul) at a state of Oneness with the Beloved, is the return to the state in which one was before one was (Sviri, 199).
This state of oneness is also, I believe, a universal theme that is palatable by most and or all other religious paths. The benefits of the faithful of all religious paths attaining this Ideal and state of oneness would lead us to see that all others are truly ourselves and leads to a place of love, compassion and harmony in the world we inhabit.
Part III
A spiritual teaching that resonates with my core values, and a teaching that I believe holds universal truth, is the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jainism teaching called ahimsa, which holds that all living sentient beings on all levels, within the earth, the seas, the air, all animate beings, should be left to live in peace. As stated below in the sacred Jainist Acaranga Sutra,
Knowing and renouncing severally and singly
Actions against living beings in the regions
Above, below, and on the surface,
Everywhere and in all ways—
The wise one neither gives pain to these bodies,
Nor orders others to do so,
Nor assents to their doing so.
We abhor those who give pain to those bodies
(of the earth, of fire, of water, of air, of plants, of insects,
of animals, of humans).
Knowing this, a wise person should not cause
Any pain to any creatures. (Acaranga Sutra, 1.7.1.5, quoted in Chappelle, 4)
I believe the concept of ahimsa to be one of the foremost concepts and genuinely an instinctive universal truth that with its full practice would dramatically enhance the quality of human life on earth. Our relationships as individuals and the shift of our collective human focus and consciousness could usher in an age of peace and prosperity never seen before on earth. The act of this collective shift our human paradigm to that of a unassailable respect for human life by both governments as well as individuals would be unprecedented. The concept that relationships between nations are completely subverting violence and war to peaceful dialogue would save millions of lives. These formerly wasted resources could be collectively focused to help the hungry the ill, develop economies, and educate the underprivileged .This already exists conceptually as an integral part of most religious traditions on some level.
In Judaism, Christianity, as well as Islam, the ideology represented by 6th commandment, “Thou shall not Kill,” inherently already exists in their mutual Abramaic rooted theologies.
Inherently this also already exists as a core value of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment” (Article 5).
The ultimate point herein is the truth we know that lies behind the concept of ahimsa.. In renouncing cruelty, homicide, and murderous behaviors by ways of wars and personal agendas by which we instinctively know to be wrong to our true nature, a new, proactive humanity could emerge.
When will humanity shift its consciousness and act upon what it knows innately is not only is true to its nature, but just for all living sentient beings?
End Notes
Abrahamic religions of the Middle East – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam – share a common historical root. These three religions are monotheistic;
Judaism: a religion developed among the ancient Hebrews and characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions
Christianity a religion of Abramaic roots derived from the belief that Jeshua of Nazareth or Jesus Christ was the messiah ,Christianity is based both the torah of the Hebrews as well as the new testament , Bible as sacred scripture, and professed by Eastern, Roman Catholic, and Protestant bodies
Kenoticism A path of selfless sacrifice to the extent of the pious own personal detriment in the dedication and loyalty to god and the benefit of other in complete submission and compassion ,with the intention of emulating jesus Christ sacrifice for man on the cross to correct the fall from grace by original sin
Islam a religion of Abramaic roots monotheistic that believes that Mohamed was the prophet of the creator commonly referred to as Allah and its faithful known as Muslim or those who submit to god
Old Testament known also as the torah is the body of wisdom and law contained in Jewish Scripture and other sacred literature and oral tradition
Surah Aal-e-Imran The Family of Imran” 3:18, “La ilaha ill-Allah,” is translated as, “Allah bears witness that there is no god but He, and (so do) the angels and those possessed of knowledge, maintaining His creation with justice; there is no god but He, the Mighty, the Wise and or Allah is the sole god and Mohamed is his prophet
Muslims those who submit to god members of Islamic religion
Sufi the members of the Islamic faith who practice the deep mystical esoteric aspects of the Islamic faith
New Testament the second part of the Christian Bible the first being the old testament comprising the canonical Gospels and Epistles and also the book of Acts and book of Revelation
Koran or Qur’an the book composed of sacred writings accepted by Muslims as revelations made to Muhammad by Allah through the angel Gabriel
Hinduism a religion of braministic Vedic roots predominant in India and the precursor of Jainism and Buddhism
Jainism a religion of Brahmin Vedic Hindu roots who’s primary doctrine is the ahimsa the belief that all living sentient beings should be allowed to lve in freedom and peace
United Nations Human Rights Declaration A charter created by the members of the United nations reaffirming their mutual belief in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom
Primordial Covenant a promise made to man by Allah the creator and sole godhead in the holy quran as follows “And [remember] when your Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their loins, their seed, and made them testify of themselves, [He asked]: “Am I not your Lord?” They said “Yes, we testify!” Lest you should say on the Day of Resurrection: “Of this we were unaware.”
<Quran, The Heights 7:172>
Ahimsa Hindu , Jainism and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being
Bibliography.
Chappelle, Christopher Key. “Jainism and Nonviolence.” Smith-Christopher, Daniel L., ed. Subverting Hatred: The Challenge of Nonviolence in Religious Traditions. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2007.
Fisher, Mary Pat, & Lee W. Bailey, ed. An Anthology of Living Religions, 2nd.ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2008.
Fisher, Mary Pat. Living Religions, 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2008.
Harris, Sam. Letter to a Christian Nation. New York: Vintage Books, 2008.
Holy Qur’an. Trans. M. H. Shakir. Elmhurst, NY: Tahrike Tarsile Qur’an, Inc., 1983. 08/12/2009. <http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/k/koran/koran-idx?type=DIV0&byte=72808>.
Jahn, Gary R. “Kenoticism.” from Russ3421 Literature: Middle Ages to Dostoevsky in Translation. 08/12/2009. <http://www1.umn.edu/lol-russ/hpgary/Russ3421/kenosis.htm>.
Schecter, Solomon and William Bacher. “Hillel”. JewishEncyclopedia.com. West Conshohocken, PA: jewishEncyclopedia.com, 2002. 08/12/2009. <http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=730&letter=H>
Sviri, Sara. “The Mysterium Conjunctionis and the ‘Yo-Yo Syndrome’: from Polarity to Oneness in Sufi Psychology.” Jung and the monotheisms. Ryce-Menuhin, Joel, ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 1994. p.199.